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41.
人类活动和气候变化对艾比湖湖泊面积的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
新疆艾比湖地处我国西北干旱区,为典型的内陆封闭性湖泊,由于受内陆极端干旱气候及人类活动的影响,导致湖泊面积显著变化。湖泊面积变化所导致的生态环境恶化已成为制约当地社会经济发展的重要因素。以不同年份的多源遥感数据为数据源,分析了1972—2008年湖泊面积变化情况,并分析了特征年内湖泊面积变化的原因。认为气候要素中降水对湖泊面积影响较大,另外,人类活动引起绿洲变化,而绿洲农业灌溉用水对湖泊面积变化影响较大。同时,还分析了湖泊萎缩引起的湖泊水质恶化以及湖滨植被退化和区域沙漠化等环境效应,结果表明,湖泊面积是流域生态保障的重要指标,可作为反应湖泊流域生态情况的重要指标。由此提出了保护艾比湖生态环境的若干建议。 相似文献
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Marginal seas provide a globally important interface between land and interior ocean where organic carbon is metabolized, buried or exported. The trophic status of these seas varies seasonally, depending on river flow, primary production, the proportion of dissolved to particulate organic carbon and other factors. In the Strait of Georgia, about 80% of the organic carbon in the water column is dissolved. Organic carbon enters at the surface, with river discharge and primary production, particularly during spring and summer. The amount of organic carbon passing through the Strait (∼16 × 108 kg C yr−1) is almost twice the standing inventory (∼9.4 × 108 kg C). The organic carbon that is oxidized within the Strait (∼5.6 × 108 kg yr−1) presumably supports microbial food webs or participates in chemical or photochemical reactions, while that which is exported (7.2 × 108 kg yr−1) represents a local source of organic carbon to the open ocean. 相似文献
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双尖子山银铅锌矿位于大兴安岭中南段,是近年来该区域新发现的规模最大的银多金属矿,属热液型矿床并经历了多次矿化叠加。磁异常与金属矿有较强的相关性,磁性结构能够较好地反映控矿构造。本研究在各类先验信息约束下,对双尖子山铅锌矿区约1200 km2的高精度磁法数据进行了定性分析,并通过三维物性反演计算,得到了该区域地下5 km内的三维磁性结构,初步揭示了深部构造特征。获得的认识如下:(1)研究区高磁性岩体主要分布在中部和西北部,呈北东—南西向条带状展布。(2)基于磁性结构,将研究区划分为4个主要构造单元和6个次级构造单元;(3)研究区总体断裂构造呈北东—南西走向,南部断裂构造转为北西—南东走向;(4)研究区中部和东南部有较大范围的隐伏岩浆岩,且以中酸性岩浆岩为主。 相似文献
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采用带锚筋的锚板、腹板、端板以及加劲板作为连接件,能够通过干式连接方法将上下预制剪力墙构件连为整体。为研究该新型全装配式剪力墙的受力性能和抗震性能,设计了2个剪跨比为0.783的试件和1个相同剪跨比及配筋率的现浇整体墙体,并进行了低周往复拟静力试验,分析了该全装配式剪力墙的承载能力、刚度、延性性能和耗能能力等。研究结果表明:现浇整体墙体和全装配式剪力墙的破坏形式均为受剪破坏,全装配式剪力墙的极限位移角大于现浇整体墙体极限位移角,分别为1/77和1/133,轴压比为0.3时平均延性系数3.47,低于现浇整体墙体平均延性系数4.62;但该全装配式剪力墙具有较高的承载能力和耗能能力。型钢与剪力墙的锚筋需采用穿孔塞焊的形式连接,避免锚筋与锚板焊接的位置发生剪断的现象。 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - Solar energy parks in desert areas must resist the encroachment of moving sand and burial by migrating dunes. It is therefore important to design economical, effective sand fences... 相似文献
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Pile foundation is one of the most commonly used and suitable foundations to support transmission line structure, especially in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. Axial compression is the controlling condition in the design of foundations for such structures as bridges and buildings, while uplift and overturning will control the design of transmission line structure foundations. This paper presents an extensive overview of previous studies including experimental (e. g., laboratory model test and full-scale field load test), analytical/theoretical (e. g., limit equilibrium and limit analysis based on plasticity)and numerical(e. g., finite difference and finite element methods). The review indicates that study on the uplift behavior of pile foundation in frozen soil is relatively limited, particularly in the case of combined effect of axial uplift and lateral loading. Interaction between pile and frozen soil and mechanism of load transfer along the pile shaft and around the pile tip still remain unclear. Therefore, this paper implements finite difference analysis within FLAC3D to investigate the behavior of pile foundation in frozen silty clay and gravelly sand under axial uplift behavior and the effect of ground condition and lateral loading on the uplift behavior. Because of the axisymmetric condition of the problem studied, only half of the model is simulated. The chosen domain of the medium is discretized into a set of quadrilateral elements and the pile is discretized by the cylinder element. The interaction between the soil and pile is considered according to interface elements. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is adopted to model the soil behavior (perfectly elastic-plastic), while the pile is simply considered as a rigid body. The soil parameters such as Young’s modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle used for numerical analyses are determined by laboratory tests and estimated according to the empirical correlations with in-situ tests. The present numerical modeling is verified with the results from field loading tests on pile foundations in Qinghai-Tibet ±550 kV transmission line project. On this basis, parametric studies are carried out to uncover the behavior of pile in frozen soil. It is observed that pullout is the dominant failure mechanism of pile and the uplift load-displacement curve clearly exhibits an asymptote, consisting of initially linear elastic, nonlinear transition, and finally linear regions. These results are consistent with the observations in a few previous studies. In addition, larger uplift capacity of pile foundation in freezing period and gravelly sand is gained (about 20%). Lateral loading increases the deflection and therefore, decreases the uplift capacity of pile foundation. For the convenience of using the results obtained in practice, the values of uplift factor for pile foundation in silty clay and gravelly sand are provided. Finally, it should be noted that the method used, and the results obtained in the current work could be useful for engineers and designers, at least providing them some qualitative evidence for pile design in seasonally frozen soil regions and permafrost regions. This is important and necessary to ensure the safety of construction in such regions. Meanwhile, numerical analyses in the current work can be a benchmark example for subsequent research studies. © 2022 Science Press (China). 相似文献
48.
根据川南先锋地区二叠系-三叠系界线地层的沉积特征,结合钻孔岩相及其组合特征,识别出等斜碳酸盐缓坡和局限台地2种沉积相,包括高能生屑浅滩、内缓坡、潮间带等7种亚相。同时采用微相分析的方法,对碳酸盐岩的生物组合、颗粒成分以及支撑类型等微相特征进行了研究,将界线地层沉积归纳为14种微相类型,并由此建立了该时期的沉积相序及其演化。研究区产出一层微生物岩,显微镜观察显示:微生物岩主要是叠层石;在它们内部发现了大量的蓝藻球粒、钙化鞘和微亮晶包覆层等微生物成因的显微组构。对ZK1501孔所采集的0.58 m K9灰岩岩芯连续磨片后进行生物组合分析,在距底6 cm地层中发现了丰富的三叶虫、腹足类和叶枝藻化石,其上出现小型化的介形虫(小于200 μm),表明二叠纪末期生物主灭绝界线应位于飞仙关组底面之上6 cm处,而二叠系-三叠系界线应位于小型化介形虫层的中下部。 相似文献
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